（写在前面：之前我曾经根据对跨性别者的了解猜测性别认同是基因决定的天生属性，现在有研究证实了这一点。不过，纳粹要是会看研究，也就不会是纳粹了。）
A new study led by researchers from the Hudson Institute of Medical Research in Australia has identified 12 significant genetic differences between transgender women and non-transgender males. It is hypothesized that these genes, known to be involved in sex hormone signaling, possibly contribute to a person’s ultimate sense of gender identity.
由澳大利亚哈德森医学研究所的研究人员领导的一项新研究发现，跨性别女性和非跨性别男性之间有12个明显的基因差异。 据推测，这些已知参与性激素信号传导的基因可能有助于塑造一个人对性别认同的最终认识。
The study analyzed the DNA of 380 transgender woman, compared to a control of 344 non-transgender males. The results identified twelve functional genetic variants in transgender women correlating with genes involved in regulating the sex hormones estrogen and androgen.
该研究分析了380名跨性别女性的DNA，并与344名顺性别男性对照比较。 结果是确定了跨性别女性中的12种功能性遗传变异，这些变异与参与调节雌性激素和雄性激素的基因相关。
“This is the world’s largest and most comprehensive study examining changes in genes that control sex hormone signaling in transgender women,” says lead author on the study, Vincent Harley. “It identifies several new genes or genetic variations never before looked at in gender dysphoria.”
“这是世界上规模最大和最全面的研究控制跨性别女性性激素信号传导的基因变化的研究，”该研究的主要作者Vincent Harley说。“它确定了几种新的基因或遗传变异，而这些之前从未在性别焦虑中被关注过。”
The new study is part of a growing body of research examining the possible biological origins of gender identity. Earlier this year a team from Augusta University presented some results from a yet to be peer-reviewed study identifying a number of genetic variants suggested to play a role in transgender identity.
这项新研究是越来越多的研究性别认同的可能的生物起源研究的一部分。 今年早些时候，Augusta大学的一个研究小组提出了一项尚未经过同行评审的研究结果，该研究确定了许多被认为在跨性别身份中发挥作用的遗传变异。
Another study, again presented in early 2018, examined brain activity in transgender children. The results claimed the MRI scans revealed patterns of brain activation in the transgender children that more closely resembled their desired gender, as opposed to their biological sex.
另一项研究于2018年初再次发表，研究了跨性别儿童的大脑活动。研究结果声称MRI扫描显示跨性别儿童的大脑激活模式更接近他们所期望的性别，而与他们的生理性别相反。
An even larger study that sets out to comprehensively examine the genomes of 10,000 subjects (of which 3,000 are transgender) is currently underway. Spanning five institutions across Europe and the United States, this work is again on the hunt for genetic markers that can offer clues to a biological origin underpinning gender identity.
目前正在进行一项更大规模的研究，该研究旨在全面检查10,000名受试者（其中3,000名是跨性别者）的基因组。在跨越欧洲和美国的五个机构的支持下，这项工作再次开始寻找可以提供支持性别认同的生物起源线索的遗传标记。
These studies are undeniably provocative, with much debate still circling over questions around the origins of gender identity. In an interview with ABC News in Australia, Sally Goldner from Transgender Victoria fairly sums up the pros and cons of this kind of scientific essentialism.
这些研究无疑是具有挑战性的，围绕性别认同起源的问题仍然存在很多争论。 在接受澳大利亚ABC新闻采访时，Transgender Victoria的Sally Goldner公平地总结了这种科学本质主义的利弊。
“It’s good to see [the research] back up what we already know — that we are who we are,” says Goldner. “It’s not so good if people don’t seem to fit some sort of genetic test, if that was ever developed.”
“很高兴看到[研究]支持我们已经知道的东西 —我们就是我们自己，”Goldner说。 “但如果某些用于跨性别检测的基因测试甚至发展出来了，要是有些人没办法得到吻合的结果而被否定，那就不大好了。”
Vincent Harley certainly agrees that the goal of his research is not to reduce gender identity to a simple genetic origin. Instead, he hopes the work helps to lessen discrimination and distress experienced by transgender people.
Vincent Harley肯定同意他的研究目标不是将性别认同降低到简单的遗传起源。 相反，他希望这项工作有助于减少跨性别者所遭受的歧视和苦难。
“What makes you feel like a male or female is complex and involves interactions between many different genes, much like height, weight or blood pressure,” says Harley. “However, while genes play a role, they are not the only factors involved in determining gender identity.”
“让你觉得是男性或女性的因素是复杂的，涉及许多不同基因之间的相互作用，就像身高，体重或血压一样，”Harley说。 “然而，尽管基因发挥了作用，但它们并不是决定性别认同的唯一因素。”
The new research is published in the Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism.
https://newatlas.com/transgender-genetic-study-hudson-institute/56631/