(写在前面:这是我三年前的一篇旧文,驳斥基督徒谎言的,当时没有附加来源链接,现在也找不出三年前的链接了,诸位可自行查证。)
我发现很多人对于宗教都不太清楚,更有不少人鼓吹“基督教带来民主”“有信仰的人更有道德”之类,也有人以为欧洲各国迄今为止都还是虔诚的教徒占多数,我今天就来一一驳斥这些谬论。
在此之前,先要把宗教给定义清楚:
狭义的定义:对于一个人格化的神或某种理论不加任何怀疑的相信崇拜,就是宗教。(很多外国学者据此把儒家思想也定义为一种宗教,因为在很长一段历史内儒家思想都是中国官方正统思想,多数情况下不允许被怀疑。当然,不是想要做官的人就不必去相信,这点比起一神教要温和很多)
广义的定义:相信有超自然,自然的神或力量(不一定是某种具体的神或力量),就是宗教。
广义的定义很多时候就是信仰的定义,当然很多时候教徒嘴里的“有信仰的人”仅仅是指相信他的宗教的人。
然后就是对非有神论的定义:atheism应该翻译为非有神论,无神论是错误翻译,因为atheism是“不相信有神”而不是“相信没有神”,英语中atheism等同于non-religion 或者non-belief ,atheist(非有神论者)被称作non-believer。
以上是狭义的定义,广义上只要是不崇拜人格化的神或理论的人都是非有神论者。
接下来开始驳斥谬误:
谬误1:基督教带来民主。
驳斥:说这种话的很显然历史课一直在睡觉。民主的英文单词是democracy ,来自于希腊文,意为“人民的统治”。为什么来源于希腊文?因为古希腊的雅典城邦是民主制度的发源地,雅典是全世界最早实行直接民主的地区(虽然外邦人,妇女和奴隶没有政治权利,但是一战之前世界上的民主国家里也没有哪国妇女有投票权,1848之前英国大部分劳动阶层也没有投票权,雅典和现代民主国家比起来很长时间都没有落下风)。
而共和的英文单词republic来自于古罗马,意为“多数人统治”。罗马在公元27年屋大为称帝之前实行共和制,虽不民主但却比今天很多独裁国家都要好太多。
(以上资料来源于《论民主》,作者为罗伯特`道尔,一生研究民主的著名学者)
古希腊和古罗马(共和时期)那时候,基督教他爷爷还没出生呢。基督教发展壮大之后,教徒四处忙着烧人烧书(有兴趣的读者请google一下“宗教裁判所”和“烧女巫”,顺便再查查基督徒烧掉的书和杀死的科学家有多少),文明被毁灭,欧洲进入了黑暗时代,欧洲大陆上只剩下了神权独裁国家,每个人都必须是基督徒。
幸好阿拉伯国家保留着部分古希腊和古罗马哲人的著作(阿拉伯人在中世纪早期搞了一场大翻译运动,把很多本来要被基督徒烧毁的书籍翻译为阿拉伯文保存在自己国家),后来传回欧洲,而肆虐欧洲的黑死病也大大损害了教庭的威望,由此欧洲开始觉醒,并最终开始文艺复兴运动,文明复苏,民主也在英国归来(1688年英国光荣革命成功,世界上第一个现代民主国家诞生)。
同时基督教也开始宗教改革,分裂出N个流派,总体趋势也是越来越世俗化,按圣经行事的教徒越来越少。(我建议从来没看过圣经的人去仔细看看圣经,千万不要被吓到啊(笑))
还有一个理由可以说明所谓基督教带来民主是谬论,我在下面驳斥其他谬论时会一起提到。
谬论2:欧洲各国迄今为止都是虔诚的教徒占多数
此谬论来自于对欧洲各国宗教情况的不了解和基督徒的谎言宣传。什么是虔诚的教徒?要成为一名虔诚的教徒,至少也要经常去教堂做礼拜或者认为宗教在自己的日常生活中有着很重要的角色吧。让我们一起看看欧洲各国现在的宗教情况吧:
1,挪威:About 74.3% of Norwegians were members of the Church of Norway on 1 January 2015. In 2014, about 59.3% of all newborns were baptised and about 62.9% of all 15-year-old persons were confirmed in the church.But, only 20% of Norwegians say that religion occupies an important place in their life (according to a Gallup poll in 2009)
(只有20%的挪威人认为宗教在他们的生活中占有重要位置)
2,瑞典:At the end of 2012, 67.5% of Swedes belonged to the Church of Sweden (Lutheran); this number has been decreasing by about one percentage point a year for the last two decades. Approximately 2% of the church’s members regularly attend Sunday services.
In a Eurostat survey, 23% of Swedish citizens responded that “they believe there is a God”, whereas 53% answered that “they believe there is some sort of spirit or life force” and 23% that “they do not believe there is any sort of spirit, God, or life force”.
(大约2%的教徒经常参加教堂周日礼拜。23%的瑞典人说自己相信有一个(人格化的)神,53%认为存在某种精神或自然力量,23%说自己没有信仰(狭义上的非有神论者)。.广义上76%的瑞典人是非有神论者)
3,冰岛:Iceland is a very secular country: as with other Nordic nations, religious attendance is relatively low.A Gallup poll conducted in 2012 found that 57% of Icelanders considered themselves “a religious person”, 31% consider themselves “a non religious person”, while 10% define themselves as “a convinced atheist”
(冰岛是一个非常世俗化的国家,宗教对国家的影响很弱。调查显示57%的冰岛人认为他们有宗教信仰(是否虔诚没有数据,但结合前一句话来看虔诚信徒的比例应该很低),31%认为他们是非有神论者,其中10%相信没有神(严格来说这不是非有神论,不过冰岛的这些人明摆着和天朝那些嘴上说不信神实质却还是要去祭拜祖先求神拜佛的人不一样))
4,新西兰:Christianity is the predominant religion in New Zealand, although its society is among the most secular in the world.n the 2013 Census, 47.9 percent of the population identified themselves as Christians, while another 38.55 percent indicated that they had no religion and around 7 percent affiliated with other religions
(新西兰是世界上最世俗化的国家之一。2013年的调查显示47.9%的人是基督徒(从前面这句话来看虔诚的信徒比例还是很低),38.55%人是非有神论者)
5,丹麦:In January 2015, 77.8%of the population of Denmark were members of the Church of Denmark.Despite the high membership figures, only 3% of the population regularly attend Sunday services.According to a 2010 Eurobarometer Poll, 28% of Danish citizens polled responded that they “believe there is a God”, 47% responded that they “believe there is some sort of spirit or life force” and 24% responded that they “do not believe there is any sort of spirit, God or life force”.
(只有3%的教徒经常参加教堂的周日活动。根据调查,28%的丹麦人认为存在一个人格化的神,47%认为存在精神或自然力量,24%没有信仰(狭义上的非有神论者)。广义上71%的丹麦人是非有神论者)
6,德国:According to the Eurobarometer Poll 2010, 45% of German citizens agreed with the statement “I believe there is a God”, whereas 25% agreed with “I believe there is some sort of spirit or life force” and 27% said “I do not believe there is any sort of spirit, god, or life force”.According to a survey among German youths (aged between 12 and 24) in the year 2006, 30% of German youths believe in a personal god, 19% believe in some kind of supernatural power, 23% share agnostic views and 28% are atheists.
(2010年的调查显示,45%的德国人相信神存在,25%认为存在精神或自然力量,27%没有信仰(狭义上的非有神论者)。52%的人是广义上的非有神论者。对青年的调查显示只有30%的人相信神的存在)
为防止篇幅失控,暂时介绍到这里,以上资料均来源于英文wiki,有兴趣的人可以自己去查。wiki上还显示大部分欧洲国家宗教的影响都是越来越弱,非有神论者比例越来越高。接下来介绍三个狭义上的非有神论者超过50%的国家:
1,荷兰(荷兰的正式名称是尼德兰):The Netherlands is one of the most secular countries in Western Europe, with only 39% being religiously affiliated (31% for those aged under 35), and fewer than 5.6% visiting religious services regularly (meaning once or more per month) in 2010. Religion is in the Netherlands generally considered a personal matter which is not supposed to be propagated in public.
(尼德兰是是西欧最世俗化的国家之一,调查表明在2010年只有39%的人有宗教信仰,其中只有不到5.6%的人经常去宗教机构(这个经常是指一个月至少去一次)。在尼德兰,宗教信仰被认为不该在公开场合宣传,而只是个人私事)
2,捷克:基于2001年的统计,59%人口是非有神论者,26.8%信罗马天主教,2.5%信新教。Historically, the Czech people have been characterised as “tolerant and even indifferent towards religion”.According to the 2011 census, 34% of the population stated they had no religion, 10.3% was Roman Catholic, 0.8% was Protestant (0.5% Czech Brethren and 0.4% Hussite), and 9% followed other forms of religion both denominational or not (of which 863 people answered they are Pagan). 45% of the population did not answer the question about religion.
(捷克人在宗教上面非常糊涂或者说很不在乎。45%的人没有回答关于宗教的问题,因为捷克人根本就不在乎宗教。推测那45%大部分为非有神论者)
3,爱沙尼亚:According to the Dentsu Communication Institute Inc, Estonia is one of the least religious countries in the world, with 75.7% of the population claiming to be irreligious. The Eurobarometer Poll 2005 found that only 16% of Estonians profess a belief in a god, the lowest belief of all countries studied (EU study).
(75.7%的爱沙尼亚人都是非有神论者,只有16%的爱沙尼亚人信神)
以上资料依旧来自英文wiki。特别是捷克和爱沙尼亚,这两个前共产党国家现在都很不错(捷克和爱沙尼亚的世俗化并非共产党所为,而是历史上很长时间都是如此。可以比对波兰,波共执政也没能改变大部分波兰人的天主教信仰,一个上千年的宗教国家根本不可能被几十年的共产党执政所改变。而且很多执政共产党并没有大力消除宗教,而是采取合作利用的态度,包括苏联也没有消灭东正教(俄国大部分人一直都是东正教信徒)。至于天朝,毛贼东实际上自创了毛贼思想神教,自己是神教教主,现在那群毛粉就是教徒。毛贼要推广自己的毛贼神教,自然要对其他宗教信徒和非有神论者下手了,多少非有神论知识分子被反右了?),而且都是自己走向民主的,那些鼓吹基督教带来民主的家伙是不是很想让捷克和爱沙尼亚去死啊:)
民主国家需要一群渴望选票的人来建立。民主国家建立之后,还需要多数人民珍惜选票,愿意守护民主制度,这样民主制度才能维持下去,否则就会走向独裁(独裁者最喜欢不要选票的顺民了)。也就是说,需要多数人民有民主意识和权利意识(这就是公民社会)。鼓吹基督教带来民主实际上是否定了不信基督教的人能拥有民主意识和权利意识,当然前面的资料足够打脸了:欧洲世俗化程度很高而且越来越高,那些欧洲国家的民主制度并没有受到任何威胁(你找得到相关新闻吗?),非有神论者一样去投票去罢工去游行示威。这就是我在前面提到的还有一个理由。
谬论3:有信仰的人更有道德,中国没道德是因为中国人没信仰。
驳斥:关于前半句,前面欧洲各国以及捷克爱沙尼亚分分钟打脸。道德来自于同理心,而不是宗教。否则欧洲各国狭义非有神论者普遍超过20%(想象一下如果这20%信仰纳粹主义会怎样),欧洲是不是要变成地狱了?荷兰,捷克和爱沙尼亚是不是没人敢去了?
后半句很有迷惑性,因为中国的确有很多人声称不信神,而中国传统上也没有一神教。不过,根据一开始给出的宗教定义,列宁主义毛贼思想习特勒中国梦这些都是不容任何怀疑的理论,也就是说相信这些理论的人都是教徒,而且还是共产主义一神教教徒呢。也可以把所有认可中共那些“宇宙真理”的人都看成是中共神教的信徒。
而老外则是这样看待中国的信仰情况的:Over the millennia, Chinese civilization has been influenced by various religious movements. The “three teachings”, including Confucianism, Buddhism, and Taoism, historically have a significant role in shaping Chinese culture.Elements of these three belief systems are often incorporated into popular or folk religious traditions
(Confucianism就是儒学,最开始我提到很多外国学者都认为儒学也是一种宗教,至少和佛教道教以及民间宗教一起是一种信仰。历史上没有任何一种宗教在中国占据绝对主导地位(儒学只是书生的信仰),中国人的信仰也普遍比较混合,同时有多种信仰。前面所说的这些信仰都不属于非有神论(广义的也不属于,因为佛教道教儒教民间宗教都是有着人格化的神或理论的))
A 2012 poll conducted by WIN/GIA found that 47% of Chinese self-identified as “convinced atheist”.Scholars have noted that in China there is no clear boundary between religions, especially Buddhism, Taoism and local folk religious practice.According to the most recent demographic analyses, an average 30—80% of the Chinese population practice some form of Chinese folk religions and Taoism. Approximately 10—16% are Buddhists, 2—4% are Christians, and 1—2% are Muslims.
(老外认为“convinced atheist”并不是非有神论(否则就直接写atheist或等价的non-religion了),而且强调在中国宗教之间并没有明显的界限,特别是佛教,道教和民间宗教(对祖先和上天的崇拜)。调查显示30-80%的人信仰民间宗教和道教,10-16%信仰佛教,2-4%信仰基督教,1-2%是穆斯林。很多中国人嘴里说不信神,实际上还是在祭拜祖先或者给寺庙烧香,这样的人很难确定信仰状况,所以出现了30-80%这么大的区间。)
以上资料来源于英文wiki。总体来看,中国根本就不是什么非有神论国家,事实上大部分人都是有信仰的(中共一神教,儒教,道教,民间宗教,佛教,基督教,伊斯兰教)。
中国不缺信仰,中国没道德的原因只有一个:中共的独裁恐怖统治。把中国的社会问题说成是所谓信仰缺失,实质是在为独裁制度开脱。
谬论4:希特勒是非有神论者
驳斥:希特勒是基督徒!而且用基督教来给屠杀犹太人找理由!看看这些史料就明白了:
“We were convinced that the people needs and requires this faith. (“我们相信人们需要和要求信仰。”哪个非有神论者会这么说?) We have therefore undertaken the fight against the atheistic movement, and that not merely with a few theoretical declarations: we have stamped it out.” -Adolf Hitler, in a speech in Berlin on 24 Oct. 1933
“My feelings as a Christian points me to my Lord and Savior as a fighter. It points me to the man who once in loneliness, surrounded by a few followers, recognized these Jews for what they were and summoned men to fight against them and who, God’s truth! was greatest not as a sufferer but as a fighter.
*(“我作为一个基督徒,成为我的主和救星的斗士。它向我指出一个曾经孤独,被几个追随者围绕着,意识到那些犹太人在召唤其他人去反抗他们的人,这是上帝的真相!我不再是一个投降者,而是一个斗士。”希特勒亲口说自己是基督徒并且以上帝之名攻击犹太人)*In boundless love as a Christian and as a man I read through the passage which tells us how the Lord at last rose in His might and seized the scourge to drive out of the Temple the brood of vipers and adders. How terrific was His fight for the world against the Jewish poison. To-day, after two thousand years, with deepest emotion I recognize more profoundly than ever before the fact that it was for this that He had to shed His blood upon the Cross. As a Christian I have no duty to allow my self to be cheated, but I have the duty to be a fighter for truth and justice… And if there is anything which could demonstrate that we are acting rightly it is the distress that daily grows . For as a Christian I have also a duty to my own people.” –Adolf Hitler, in a speech on 12 April 1922 (Norman H. Baynes, ed. The Speeches of Adolf Hitler, April 1922-August 1939, Vol. 1 of 2, pp. 19-20, Oxford University Press, 1942)
The Nazi regime began to control schools insisting that Christianity was taught.(纳粹党强行在学校推行基督教)
The Nazi regime included anti-Semitic Christian writings in textbooks and they were not removed from Christian doctrines until 1961(基督教有着很久的反犹太传统,而纳粹与基督教合作)
更多资料在这里:
http://www.evilbible.com/hitler_was_christian.htm
http://www.nobeliefs.com/hitler.htm.